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New Minimum Times of Eclipsing Binaries
I report 16 visual minimum times of eclipsing binaries.
| A catalogue of eclipsing variables
A new catalogue of 6330 eclipsing variable stars is presented. Thecatalogue was developed from the General Catalogue of Variable Stars(GCVS) and its textual remarks by including recently publishedinformation about classification of 843 systems and making correspondingcorrections of GCVS data. The catalogue1 represents thelargest list of eclipsing binaries classified from observations.
| Zero-Age Main Sequence in the HR Diagram of the Vilnius Photometric System
The zero-age main sequence for solar metallicity stars in the absolutemagnitude vs. color diagram of the Vilnius seven-color photometricsystem is determined. The calibration is based on the results ofphotoelectric photometry of stars in the Hyades, Pleiades and Praesepeopen clusters and the Ori OB1 association. A theoretical Victoria-Reginaisochrone, corresponding to an age of 10 million years, coincides wellwith the lower envelope of the unevolved main sequence.
| Why Are the Secondary Stars in Polars So Normal?
We have used NIRSPEC on Keck II to obtain K-band spectroscopy of severalmagnetic cataclysmic variables. These data reveal that the secondarystars in these binary systems have spectra that are consistent withnormal, late-type dwarfs in both their atomic and molecular linestrengths, as well as in the slopes of their continua. This result is instark contrast to the infrared spectra of their nonmagnetic cousins,nearly all of which show peculiar abundances, especially of CNO speciesand their isotopes. It appears that the evolutionary path taken by thesecondary stars in magnetic systems differs from that for thenonmagnetic systems. We discuss the implications of this result.
| Aus der Sektion Bedeckungsveranderliche.
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| Catalogue of Algol type binary stars
A catalogue of (411) Algol-type (semi-detached) binary stars ispresented in the form of five separate tables of information. Thecatalogue has developed from an earlier version by including more recentinformation and an improved layout. A sixth table lists (1872) candidateAlgols, about which fewer details are known at present. Some issuesrelating to the classification and interpretation of Algol-like binariesare also discussed.Catalogue is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/417/263
| Beobachtungsergebnisse Bundesdeutsche Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Veranderlichen Serne e.V.
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| SZ Hya und S Cnc auffallig.
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| The Evolution of Cool Algols
We apply a model of dynamo-driven mass loss, magnetic braking, and tidalfriction to the evolution of stars with cool convective envelopes; inparticular, we apply it to binary stars where the combination ofmagnetic braking and tidal friction can cause angular momentum loss fromthe orbit. For the present we consider the simplification that only onecomponent of a binary is subject to these nonconservative effects, butwe emphasize the need in some circumstances to permit such effects inboth components.The model is applied to examples of (1) the Sun, (2) BYDra binaries, (3) Am binaries, (4) RS CVn binaries, (5) Algols, and (6)post-Algols. A number of problems regarding some of these systems appearto find a natural explanation in our model. There are indications fromother systems that some coefficients in our model may vary by a factorof 2 or so from system to system; this may be a result of the chaoticnature of dynamo activity.
| The Origin of Cyclic Period Changes in Close Binaries: The Case of the Algol Binary WW Cygni
Year- to decade-long cyclic orbital period changes have been observed inseveral classes of close binary systems, including Algol, W UrsaeMajoris, and RS Canum Venaticorum systems and the cataclysmic variables.The origin of these changes is unknown, but mass loss, apsidal motion,magnetic activity, and the presence of a third body have all beenproposed. In this paper, we use new CCD observations and thecentury-long historical record of the times of primary eclipse for WWCygni to explore the cause of these period changes. WW Cyg is an Algolbinary whose orbital period undergoes a 56 yr cyclic variation with anamplitude of ~0.02 days. We consider and reject the hypotheses of masstransfer, mass loss, apsidal motion, and the gravitational influence ofan unseen companion as the cause for these changes. A model proposed byApplegate, which invokes changes in the gravitational quadrupole momentof the convective and rotating secondary star, is the most likelyexplanation of this star's orbital period changes. This finding is basedon an examination of WW Cyg's residual O-C curve and an analysis of theperiod changes seen in 66 other Algols. Variations in the gravitationalquadrupole moment are also considered to be the most likely explanationfor the cyclic period changes observed in several different types ofbinary systems.
| 149 Bedeckungssterne der BAV-Programme. Eine Analyse der Beobachtungstatigkeit seit den Angangen.
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| Das Brunner Punktesystem.
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| A Complete Survey of Case A Binary Evolution with Comparison to Observed Algol-type Systems
We undertake a comparison of observed Algol-type binaries with a libraryof computed Case A binary evolution tracks. The library consists of 5500binary tracks with various values of initial primary massM10, mass ratio q0, and period P0,designed to sample the phase-space of Case A binaries in the range-0.10<=logM10<=1.7. Each binary is evolved using astandard code with the assumption that both total mass and orbitalangular momentum are conserved. This code follows the evolution of bothstars to the point where contact or reverse mass transfer occurs. Theresulting binary tracks show a rich variety of behavior that we sortinto several subclasses of case A and case B. We present the results ofthis classification, the final mass ratio, and the fraction of timespent in Roche Lobe overflow for each binary system. The conservativeassumption under which we created this library is expected to hold for abroad range of binaries, where both components have spectra in the rangeG0 to B1 and luminosity classes III to V. We gather a list of relativelywell-determined, observed hot Algol-type binaries meeting thiscriterion, as well as a list of cooler Algol-type binaries, for which weexpect significant dynamo-driven mass loss and angular momentum loss. Wefit each observed binary to our library of tracks using aχ2-minimizing procedure. We find that the hot Algolsdisplay overall acceptable χ2, confirming theconservative assumption, while the cool Algols show much less acceptableχ2, suggesting the need for more free parameters, such asmass and angular momentum loss.
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes
A list of the 2027 stars that have the largest photometric amplitudes inHipparcos Photometry shows that most variable stars are all Miras. Thepercentage of variable types change as a function of amplitude. Thiscompilation should also be of value to photometrists looking forrelatively unstudied, but large amplitude stars.
| A Search for Trojan Extrasolar Planets: Planets in V442 Cas and YZ Aql?
In this project we are exploring the light curves of eclipsing binariesfor the signature of planets that may exist at the L4 and L5 Lagrangepoints of the stellar system. While no binaries are known to exist thatstrictly satisfy the stellar mass ratio constraint for the restrictedthree-body problem, the general solution would allow a planet formed atthe L-point to remain there if there are no major perturbing bodies suchas an additional planet. We have coined such objects "Trojan planets."The advantage of this approach is that the phases of the planetaryeclipses are known. We picked systems with deep primary eclipses, tomaximize the amount of system light eclipsed by the planet when in frontof the hotter star. We also scanned the Finding List for Observers ofInteractive Binary Stars, for G dwarf systems ,but found only a few thatwere high inclination and detached. The target list includes QY Aql, YZAql, V442 Cas, SS Cet, S Cnc, VW Cyg, WW Cyg, RR Dra, RX Gem, RY Gem, VWHya, Y Leo, TV Mon, BN Sct, UW Vir, AC UMa, TX UMa, and GSC 1657. Wehave concentrated on V442 Cas and YZ Aql, based on initial results thatshow anomalies in the light curves near the phases where a Trojan planeteclipse is expected. We present results on these two, as well as initialresults for some of the other systems. We gratefully acknowledge thesupport of the National Science Foundation, through grants AST-9731062and AST-0089248. We also appreciate the support of the Fund forAstrophysical Research. Gregory Shelton and Brenda Corbin, at the U.S.naval Observatory Library, have been indispensable in providingreferences for these binary systems. This research has made use of theSimbad database, operated at CDS, Strasbourg, France
| The use of the NextGen model atmospheres for cool giants in a light curve synthesis code
We have written a light curve synthesis code that makes direct use ofmodel atmosphere specific intensities, in particular the NextGen modelatmosphere grid for cool giants (Teff<= 6800 K and log(g)<= 3.5, Hauschildt et al. \cite{hauschildt99}). We point out thatthese models (computed using spherical geometry) predict a limbdarkening behaviour that deviates significantly from a simple linear ortwo-parameter law (there is less intensity at the limb of the star). Thepresence of a significantly nonlinear limb darkening law has two mainconsequences. First, the ellipsoidal light curve computed for a tidallydistorted giant using the NextGen intensities is in general differentfrom the light curve computed using the same geometry but with the blackbody approximation and a one- or two-parameter limb darkening law. Inmost cases the light curves computed with the NextGen intensities havedeeper minima than their black body counterparts. Thus the light curvesolutions for binaries with a giant component obtained with models withnear linear limb darkening (either black body or plane-parallel modelatmosphere intensities) are biased. Observations over a wide wavelengthrange (i.e. both the optical and infrared) are particularly useful indiscriminating between models with nearly linear limb darkening and theNextGen models. Second, we show that rotational broadening kernels forRoche lobe filling (or nearly filling) giants can be significantlydifferent from analytic kernels due to a combination of the nonsphericalshape of the star and the radical departure from a simple limb darkeninglaw. As a result, geometrical information inferred from Vrotsin i measurements of cool giants in binary systems are likewise biased.
| New labour on Algols: conservative or liberal?
I consider three topics related to the influence of magnetic braking,combined with tidal friction, on the orbital evolution of CVs. Firstly,I attempt to show that properties of Algols are roughly consistent withthe view that angular momentum loss (AML) takes place in systems withcool (G/K) components, but not in systems with hot (B/A) components.This is what one might expect if the AML requires an active dynamo asseen in the Sun and other cool stars. The timescale required is roughlyof the order of what might be expected by magnetic braking. Someenhanced mass loss (ML), presumably by stellar wind, also seems to benecessary in the more evolved Algol systems. Secondly, I urge thattheorists adopt a recipe for magnetic braking that is more on the linesof Stȩpień (1995) than of Skumanich (1972). Thirdly, Iargue that `interrupted magnetic braking', a mechanism often invoked toexplain the upper edge of the period gap in CVs, is not in accord withobserved properties of late M dwarfs and brown dwarfs, and that someother mechanism should be sought.
| Is asynchronism in semidetached binary systems real?
We analyze statistical relationships between the parameters ofAlgol-type binaries with asynchronous rotation of the primary componentsand provide observational evidence for denser, more extended gaseousenvelopes in the eclipsing systems of this group. We conclude thatasynchronism of the primary components in such systems is not real. Thelines that are used to determine the rotational velocities of thesecomponents originate mostly in the part of the atmosphere which acquiresan additional angular momentum during the interaction with the gasstream and produces a transient accretion disk near the equatorialplane.
| Accurate Positions for 45 Variables in Five Fields
Accurate positions of 45 variables in 5 fields, determined fromphotographic astrometry, are presented.
| Near-Infrared Photometric Studies of RZ Cassiopeiae
Light curves of the Algol-type binary system, RZ Cassiopeiae, in thenear-IR wavelengths J and K are obtained for the first time. The lightcurves are analyzed using the Wilson-Devinney model. UBV light curves ofRZ Cas obtained by Chambliss are also reanalyzed using the same program.In the J and K bands, the bolometric albedo of the secondary of RZ Casexhibited values above 0.7, whereas the theoretically expected value forsuch a star is 0.5. Also, the values of the secondary temperaturederived from the J and K light curves are found to be less than thatderived from our analysis of the optical light curves as well as fromthe previous studies in the optical photometric bands. We have attemptedto model these effects with a dark spot on the secondary of RZ Cas. TheJ-band light curve gave a better fit with a cool dark spot on thesecondary. Another possible reason for the above mentioned effects is agas stream from the lobe-filling secondary to the primary star. Themagnitudes and colors of the individual components are derived from theobserved light curves and the light contributions from the stars derivedfrom the light curve analysis. The primary is found to be an A3 V staras observed by previous investigators. The secondary is classified asK0-K4 IV from the derived colors. Seven epochs of primary minima and 3epochs of secondary minima are obtained from the observations. Becauseof the increased depths of the secondary eclipse in the infrared bands,the moments of minima are calculated with nearly the same accuracy asthat of the primary minima. All the secondary minima are found to occurat phase 0.5. None of the observed primary minima are flat as found bymany observers before at optical wavelengths. The colors of the systemat the minima obtained by us confirm that the system is partiallyeclipsing.
| Further discussion of binary star radio survey data
Statistical information on 8280 individual radio observations of binarystars, predominantly at 8.4 GHz using the Parkes 64 m antenna, ispresented. Three main groups are distinguished: (i) RS CVn stars, (ii)classical Algol binaries (EA2s) and (iii) detached pairs of generallyearly type (ETBs). The RS CVn stars more frequently gave rise todetectable fluxes, while the ETBs, in this data, are a small and ratherheterogeneous class. The Algols' emission appears to increase nearconjunction phases, though we cannot clearly distinguish any specialproperty of the Algols' phase-dependent behaviour which is not alsoshared by the RS CVn binaries. Both these categories' data show abimodal, phase-dependent pattern to the distribution of detections,suggesting both binary types share similar underlying physicalproperties, though there could also be other factors at play. The samplesizes of the Algols and particularly the ETB detections are too smallfor effective, discriminatory statistics, however.
| Magnetic activity and evolution of Algol-type stars - II
We examine the possibility of probing dynamo action in mass-losingstars, components of Algol-type binaries. Our analysis is based on thecalculation of non-conservative evolution of these systems. We model thesystems USge and betaPer where the more massive companion fills itsRoche lobe at the main sequence (case AB) and where it has a smallhelium core (early case B) respectively. We show that to maintainevolution of these systems at the late stages which are presumablydriven by stellar `magnetic braking', an efficient mechanism forproducing large-scale surface magnetic fields in the donor star isneeded. We discuss the relevance of dynamo operation in the donor starto the accelerated mass transfer during the late stages of evolution ofAlgol-type binaries. We suggest that the observed X-ray activity inAlgol-type systems may be a good indicator of their evolutionary statusand internal structure of the mass-losing stellar components.
| A Photometric and Spectrophotometric Study of MR Cygni
A self-consistent, physically accurate program suite has been used in anaccurate simulation of new spectroscopy and photometry of MR Cygni.Analysis of both the spectroscopic and photometric data used spectrumsynthesis techniques and a synthetic photometry augmentation of a lightsynthesis program package. The theoretical light curves closely fit theobservational data. The same self-consistent parameters from the lightsynthesis solution produced synthetic spectra precisely fitting theobserved spectra at all orbital phases. The IRAF-reduced spectroscopyhas produced an accurate double-lined radial velocity curve. The derivedmass ratio differs greatly from photometric mass ratios in theliterature. New UBV photometry closely replicates existing data andindicates photometric stability of the binary system. A syntheticspectrum fitted to IUE data established the primary component Teff. Thelight curve solution determined a single set of system parameters usedto calculate U, B, and V light curves. We conclude that MR Cygni is amember of the relatively rare class of hot Algol systems defined byPopper. It is likely that mass transfer still is in progress, but thereis no evidence, either from orbital period variation or from a brightspot on the mass gainer, for its existence. The lack of H alpha emissionin any of our spectra, including one at phase 0.063, suggests a smallcurrent rate of mass transfer. The fact that our computationallyself-consistent procedure has successfully represented both thephotometry and the spectroscopy for a binary system whose components areappreciably distorted demonstrates the overall power of the procedure.
| Radio emission from Algol-type binaries. I. Results of 1992-1993 VLA survey
In this paper we report on a 5 GHz survey of 26 Algol-type binaries. Sixsystems were detected. We combine the new results with previouslypublished data to derive some radio characteristics of Algols and tocompare them with those of other active binaries. The radio detectionrate of 30 %, a factor that is somewhat smaller compared to the case ofRSCVn-type, does not seem to be due to a reduced coronal activity. Infact, Algols share many similarities with the radio behavior of RS CVnsand the 5 GHz luminosity functions of both kind of systems look quitesimilar. Among the different possibilities, the high radio variabilityand distances, which, on average, are larger than those of RS CVns, seemto be the most reasonable explanation for the apparently reducedactivity at radio wavelengths.
| Accurate Positions for Radio Stars as Determined from CCD Observations in the Extragalactic Reference Frame.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....114.1679S&db_key=AST
| Magnetic activity and evolution of Algol-type stars
We examine the possibility of tracing dynamo action in mass-losing starsthat are components of Algol-type binaries. Our analysis is based on thecalculation of the non-conservative evolution of a system that initiallyconsists of a 1.65-Msolar star with a small helium core and a0.99-Msolar main-sequence companion. We perform our calculations for theevolutionary model of S Cnc in which a more massive companion fills itsRoche lobe at the orbital period of the system P_orb~1.12d. We show thatto maintain the late stages of evolution of this system, which aredriven by stellar `magnetic braking', an efficient mechanism thatproduces large-scale surface magnetic fields in a donor star is needed.We discuss the relevance of dynamo action in a donor star to the stagesof accelerated mass transfer in the evolution of Algol-type systems.
| Rotation of Algol binaries - a line profile model applied to observations.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996MNRAS.283..613M&db_key=AST
| The gas stream properties in the vicinity of the inner Lagrangian point in R CMa-type systems.
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| A comparison of accurate absolute parameters of Algol systems with recent evolutionary models.
We have compiled a list of nine Algol-type binary stars (Algols) forwhich the observed absolute parameters are based on a self-consistentsolution of both the light curve(s) and radial velocity curves for bothcomponents, including the effects of non-Keplerian distortions. Theproperties of these systems are reviewed in the light of recentevolutionary models. We have been able to estimate initial mass ratiosfor 5 systems and to show that angular momentum loss via a magneticstellar wind is an important factor in the evolution of all the systems.We conclude that there is a lack of suitable evolutionary models forAlgols, particularly those of lower mass.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Καρκίνος |
| Right ascension: | 08h43m56.14s |
| Declination: | +19°02'03.0" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 8.352 |
| Distance: | 343.643 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -19.1 |
| Proper motion Dec: | 3.2 |
| B-T magnitude: | 8.475 |
| V-T magnitude: | 8.363 |
Catalogs and designations:
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