A radio and mid-infrared survey of northern bright-rimmed clouds
We have carried out an archival radio, optical and infrared wavelengthimaging survey of 44 Bright-Rimmed Clouds (BRCs) using the NRAO/VLA SkySurvey (NVSS) archive, images from the Digitised Sky Survey (DSS) andthe Midcourse Space eXperiment (MSX). The data characterise the physicalproperties of the Ionised Boundary Layer (IBL) of the BRCs. We haveclassified the radio detections as: that associated with the ionisedcloud rims; that associated with possible embedded Young Stellar Objects(YSOs); and that unlikely to be associated with the clouds at all. Thestars responsible for ionising each cloud are identified and acomparison of the expected ionising flux to that measured at the cloudrims is presented. A total of 25 clouds display 20 cm radio continuumemission that is associated with their bright optical rims. The ionisingphoton flux illuminating these clouds, the ionised gas pressure and theelectron density of the IBL are determined. We derive internal molecularpressures for 9 clouds using molecular line data from the literature andcompare these pressures to the IBL pressures to determine the pressurebalance of the clouds. We find three clouds in which the pressureexerted by their IBLs is much greater than that measured in the internalmolecular material. A comparison of external pressures around theremaining clouds to a global mean internal pressure shows that themajority of clouds can be expected to be in pressure equilibrium withtheir IBLs and hence are likely to be currently shocked byphotoionisation shocks. We identify one source which shows 20 cmemission consistent with that of an embedded high-mass YSO and confirmits association with a known infrared stellar cluster. This embeddedcluster is shown to contain early-type B stars, implying that at leastsome BRCs are intimately involved in intermediate to high mass starformation.Figure \ref{fig:images} and Table \ref{tbl:istars1} are only availablein electronic form at http://www.edpsciences.org
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The stellar composition of the star formation region CMa R1 - II. Spectroscopic and photometric observations of nine young stars
We present new high- and low-resolution spectroscopic and photometricdata of nine members of the young association CMa R1. All the stars havecircumstellar dust at some distance, as could be expected from theirassociation with reflection nebulosity. Four stars (HD52721, HD53367,LkHα220 and LkHα218) show Hα emission and we arguethat they are Herbig Be stars with discs. Our photometric andspectroscopic observations of these stars reveal new characteristics oftheir variability. We present first interpretations of the variabilityof HD52721, HD53367 and the two LkHα stars in terms of a partiallyeclipsing binary, a magnetic activity cycle and circumstellar dustvariations, respectively. The remaining five stars show no clearindications of Hα emission in their spectra, although theirspectral types and ages are comparable with those of HD52721 andHD53367. This indicates that the presence of a disc around a star in CMaR1 may depend on the environment of the star. In particular we find thatall Hα emission stars are located at or outside the arc-shapedborder of the Hii region, which suggests that the stars inside the archave lost their discs through evaporation by UV photons from nearby Ostars, or from the nearby (<25pc) supernova, about 1Myr ago.
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The distribution of bright OB stars in the Canis Major-Puppis-Vela region of the Milky Way
The picture of the young stellar groups in the Canis Major-Puppis-Vela(215 deg
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Strömgren and Hβ photometry of O and B type stars in star-forming regions. I. Canis Major - Puppis - Vela
Strömgren and Hβ photometry of OB-stars generally brighterthan 9.5 mag in the Canis Major - Puppis - Vela region of Milky Way isreported. The observations are based on the Milky Way luminous-star (LS)identifications and are designed to create a complete, magnitude-limitedsample of LS for this field. We present new uvby photometry for 127 LSand Hβ photometry for 25 of them. These observations are part of anongoing effort to improve the completeness of the existing uvbybetadata-base for the bright OB-type stars in the Milky Way, with the aim toinvestigate the structure of selected star-forming regions. Based ondata from the Strömgren Automatic Telescope of the CopenhagenAstronomical Observatory, La Silla. Tables 3 and 4 are only available inelectronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to 130.79.128.5 or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
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The stellar composition of the star formation region CMa R1 - I. Results from new photometric and spectroscopic classifications
A new photometric and spectroscopic survey of the star formation region(SFR) CMa R1 is described. In a sample of 165 stars brighter than 13thmag, 88 stars were found to be probable members of the SFR. They aredefined as early-type stars with E(B-V)>=0.16mag, which correspondsto a distance of about 1kpc. 74 of the probable members are B stars. 19stars are possibly associated with an IRAS point source. We derive amost probable distance of 1050+/-150pc to the association. It appearsthat about 80 candidate members are pre-main-sequence stars with ageslower than 6 million years, while the main sequence extends over6.0-7.6mag, which is consistent with star formation starting about 8million years ago and continuing until at least half a million yearsago. Two bright B stars in the association (GU CMa and FZ CMa) seem tobe much older and probably do not originate from the same star formationepisode. The star formation efficiency appears to increase roughlymonotonically with time up to half a million years ago. From our data,we conclude that only a minor fraction of the stars has been createdthrough the scenario suggested by Herbst & Assousa, in which themembers of CMa R1 form by compression of ambient material by a supernovashock wave. An extensive search for candidate members with Hαemission did not reveal new Herbig Ae/Be candidates, so that the numberof stars in this class seems to be limited to four: Z CMa, LkHα218, LkHα 220 and possibly HD 53367.
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The Cepheid distance to M96 and the Hubble constant
HST WFPC2 observations of Cepheids in M96 (NGC 3368) are used to find adistance to that galaxy of 11.2+/-1.0Mpc. This estimate is based on acalibration of the Cepheid period-luminosity relation in the LargeMagellanic Cloud, and includes a correction for the difference inmetallicity between the two systems. There are good reasons forbelieving M96 is at the same distance as four E/S0 galaxies in the Leo-Igroup, and hence we calibrate secondary distance indicators based on theearly-type galaxies, namely the fundamental plane andsurface-brightness-fluctuation method. Also the Type Ia supernova 1998buoccurred in M96 itself and is used to calibrate the SN Ia distancescale. These methods reach to recession velocities of greater than5000kms-1 and can therefore allow us to evaluate the Hubbleconstant without reference to the peculiar velocity of M96 itself. Infact, these indicators agree well between themselves and hence we findH0=67+/-7kms-1Mpc-1 where the quotederror includes estimates of potential systematic effects.
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UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
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Kinematic signatures of violent formation of galactic OB associations from HIPPARCOS measurements
Proper motions measured by Hipparcos confirm the large anomalousvelocities of the OB associations located around the Cygnus Superbubble(Cygnus OB1, OB3, OB7, and OB9), and reveal a clearly organizedexpanding pattern in Canis Major OB1. At the distances of theseassociations, the organized velocity patterns imply LSR velocities of upto ~ 60 km s(-1) for the associations in Cygnus, and about ~ 15 km s(-1)in Canis Major OB1. The magnitude and spatial arrangement of theexpanding motions suggests that very energetic phenomena are responsiblefor the formation of the present OB associations. This is independentlysupported by observations of the associated interstellar medium carriedout in other wavelengths. The gravitational instability scenarioproposed by Comeron & Torra 1994 (ApJ 423, 652) to account for theformation of the stars in the Cygnus Superbubble region is reviewed inthe light of the new kinematic data. It is found that the energeticrequirements set by the highest velocities on the OB associationpowering the Superbubble, Cygnus OB2, are too large by orders ofmagnitude. However, the scenario can still account for the formation ofmost of the stars if, as can be reasonably expected, the stars with thehighest measured velocities are actually runaways from Cygnus OB2itself. As for Canis Major OB1, we consider their formation in asupernova remnant, as suggested by Herbst & Assousa 1977 (ApJ, 217,473). The detection of a new runaway star, HIC 35707 (=HD 57682), whosemotion is directed away from the derived center of expansion, supportsthis scenario and provides an independent age for the supernova remnant,assuming that the runaway star was the binary companion of thesupernova. Based on a number of arguments, however, we find it unlikelythat the stars are a direct consequence of instabilities in theexpanding shell. We propose instead that their formation was triggeredin preexisting clouds, accelerated and compressed by the supernovaexplosion.
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A Radial Velocity Database for Stephenson-Sanduleak Southern Luminous Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....113..823R&db_key=AST
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Derivation of the Galactic rotation curve using space velocities
We present rotation curves of the Galaxy based on the space-velocitiesof 197 OB stars and 144 classical cepheids, respectively, which rangeover a galactocentric distance interval of about 6 to 12kpc. Nosignificant differences between these rotation curves and rotationcurves based solely on radial velocities assuming circular rotation arefound. We derive an angular velocity of the LSR of{OMEGA}_0_=5.5+/-0.4mas/a (OB stars) and {OMEGA}_0_=5.4+/-0.5mas/a(cepheids), which is in agreement with the IAU 1985 value of{OMEGA}_0_=5.5mas/a. If we correct for probable rotations of the FK5system, the corresponding angular velocities are {OMEGA}_0_=6.0mas/a (OBstars) and {OMEGA}_0_=6.2mas/a (cepheids). These values agree betterwith the value of {OMEGA}_0_=6.4mas/a derived from the VLA measurementof the proper motion of SgrA^*^.
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Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
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A spectroscopic database for Stephenson-Sanduleak Southern Luminous Stars
A database of published spectral classifications for objects in theStepenson-Sanduleak Luminous Stars in the Southern Milky Way catalog hasbeen compiled from the literature. A total of 6182 classifications for2562 stars from 139 sources are incorporated.
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An Einstein Observatory SAO-based catalog of B-type stars
About 4000 X-ray images obtained with the Einstein Observatory are usedto measure the 0.16-4.0 keV emission from 1545 B-type SAO stars fallingin the about 10 percent of the sky surveyed with the IPC. Seventy-fourdetected X-ray sources with B-type stars are identified, and it isestimated that no more than 15 can be misidentified. Upper limits to theX-ray emission of the remaining stars are presented. In addition tosummarizing the X-ray measurements and giving other relevant opticaldata, the present extensive catalog discusses the reduction process andanalyzes selection effects associated with both SAO catalog completenessand IPC target selection procedures. It is concluded that X-rayemission, at the level of Lx not less than 10 exp 30 ergs/s, is quitecommon in B stars of early spectral types (B0-B3), regardless ofluminosity class, but that emission, at the same level, becomes lesscommon, or nonexistent, in later B-type stars.
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A second list of wide visual binaries
Not Available
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Empirical temperature calibrations for early-type stars
Three temperature calibrations of suitable photometric quantities havebeen derived for O and B stars. A sample of 120 stars with reliableT(eff.) determinations has been used for establishing each calibration.The different calibrations have been critically discussed and compared.Temperature determinations for 1009 program stars have been obtainedwith an accuracy of the order of 10 percent.
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A second list of wide visual binaries
Not Available
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The variation of interstellar extinction in the ultraviolet
One hundred and fifty-four reddened stars that are apparently normal inthe visible were selected from the S2/68 Ultraviolet Sky Survey. Theultraviolet data for 92 of these cannot be explained in terms of a fixedinterstellar extinction law. Between 1400 and 2740 A, the extinctioncurve for each star can be well represented by two parts; astraight-line scattering component and a Lorentzian 2200 A absorptionfeature. Independent variations are found in both parts and these cannotbe explained by photometric or spectral classification errors. Bothparts vary smoothly, implying that there is no fixed extinction law, andone star in three is found to depart from the mean law by more than 1mag at either 1500 or 2200 A. The two variations allow not only all 154stars to be explained but also anomalous stars reported by otherauthors. These are not special but merely situated towards the limits ofthe variations. A variation in the relative proportions of graphite andsilicate grains goes some way towards explaining the observations. Theprofile of the 2200 A feature is determined, the symmetrical shape isconfirmed, and the profile fits a Lorentzian very closely.
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Catalog of O-B stars observed with Tokyo Meridian Circle
A catalog of the O-B stars, selected from 'Blaauw-Parenago' list andRubin's catalog, has been compiled on the FK4 system by the observationsmade with Gautier 8-inch Meridian Circle at the Tokyo AstronomicalObservatory during the period, 1971 to 1979. It contains 1059 stars andwas compiled for the future establishment of high precision propermotions of O-B stars.
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Radio continuum observations of the Canis Major R1 region
Observations of the CMa R1 region in the radio continuum at 10 GHz weremade using the 45-m radio telescope at the Nobeyama Radio Observatory.The beam size was 2.7 arcmin in HPBW. An area of 2 x 3 deg containingthree H II regions (S292, S296, and S297) was scanned, and a calibratedmap was obtained. This area has rather uniform foreground extinction andcontains no hidden compact H II region. The emission ring (S296) shows athermal spectrum, confirming the ionization balance between OB stars andionized gases in the CMa OB1 region. A new small radio source is alsofound on the northwest side of the map.
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Observational evidence for supernova-induced star formation - Canis Major R1
Observational evidence is presented which indicates that star formationin the young association CMa R1 was initiated by a supernova explosion(probably of Type II) that occurred about half a million years ago.Palomar Sky Survey prints, neutral-hydrogen maps, and radial-velocitydata are examined which show that the CMa R1 association is located onthe outer edge of a ring of optical and radio emission, that anexpanding neutral-hydrogen shell is coincident with the optical feature,and that HD 54662 is a runaway star in the CMa OB1 association and maybe associated with the event that produced the observed supernovaremnant. The optical and radio features are interpreted as a supernovaremnant with an age of about 500,000 years and an initial outburstenergy of the order of 5 by 10 to the 50th power ergs, which isexpanding into an initially nonuniform medium characterized by aninitial atomic-hydrogen density of approximately 1 per cu cm in thedirection toward CMa R1 and less than half that value in the directiontoward the sun.
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A study of the stellar association Canis Major OB 1.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974A&A....37..229C
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Investigation of a Milky Way field in Canis Major
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1974AJ.....79.1022C&db_key=AST
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On the kinematical and spatial coincidence of optical and radio spiral arms in our galaxy.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1973A&A....24..393M&db_key=AST
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A Test for Relative Motions of Gas and Young Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1972PASP...84..273M&db_key=AST
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Spectral Classifications of 239 Early-Type Stars
Not Available
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A Catalogue of H II Regions.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1959ApJS....4..257S&db_key=AST
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A Finding List of High-Luminosity Stars. II.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1951ApJ...114..482M&db_key=AST
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